1. Early American Influence: American missionaries and traders began arriving in Hawaii in the early 19th century, introducing new ideas and Western influences.
2. Hawaiian Sovereignty: Hawaii was a sovereign nation under the rule of the Kingdom of Hawaii. However, conflicts between different groups and the increasing influence of foreign powers led to political instability.
3. Sugar Industry and Economic Ties: The growth of the sugar industry in Hawaii created strong economic ties with the United States. American businessmen and investors began to play a significant role in the Hawaiian economy.
4. Bayonet Constitution of 1887: In 1887, American businessmen and politicians forced King Kalākaua to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which limited the power of the monarchy and increased the influence of foreign residents.
5. Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom: In 1893, a group of American businessmen and residents, supported by U.S. Marines, overthrew Queen Liliʻuokalani and established a provisional government.
6. Annexation Resolution: In 1898, the United States Congress passed the Newlands Resolution, which annexed Hawaii as a U.S. territory.
7. Organic Act of 1900: The Organic Act of 1900 established a territorial government in Hawaii, with an appointed governor and other officials.
8. Statehood Movement: Throughout the 20th century, there were efforts to achieve statehood for Hawaii. Finally, in 1959, Hawaii became the 50th state of the United States.
The annexation of Hawaii was a complex and controversial process that involved political maneuvering, economic interests, and the intersection of different cultural and political forces. It left a lasting impact on Hawaii's history and identity, shaping its political and economic development within the United States.