Better leadership: Ulysses S. Grant, the Union commander, proved to be a more capable leader than Robert E. Lee, the Confederate commander. Grant was more aggressive and willing to take risks, while Lee was more cautious and conservative.
Superior resources: The Union had more men, more guns, and more supplies than the Confederacy. This gave them a significant advantage in the battle.
Better tactics: The Union used better tactics than the Confederacy, particularly on the second and third days of the battle. The Union cavalry was also more effective than the Confederate cavalry.
Why Was President Lincoln Upset After Victory?
President Lincoln was not upset after the victory at Gettysburg. In fact, he was very pleased. He wrote to General Grant:
"I do not believe I could have borne the consequences of another failure the Nation could scarcely have lived over that. The gloom of the early days of July is all cleared away, and now the nation may reasonably hope that a dangerous rebellion will be soon entirely suppressed."
Lincoln was so pleased because he believed that the victory at Gettysburg would be a turning point in the war. He was right. The victory gave the Union a much-needed boost in morale, and it helped to convince many people that the Union would eventually win the war.