- Competing political ideologies or factions, often resulting in a power struggle.
Economic:
- Unequal distribution of wealth and resources, leading to economic grievances.
Social:
- Deep social divisions, such as inequality, discrimination, or cultural differences.
Historical:
- Long-standing historical conflicts, rivalries, or grievances.
Geographic:
- Geographic factors such as territorial disputes or natural resource conflicts.
Institutional:
- Weak or ineffective institutions unable to manage conflicts peacefully.
External:
- Interference or support from foreign powers can exacerbate internal conflicts.