1. Immigration: Many skilled British artisans, engineers, and inventors immigrated to the United States, bringing their knowledge and expertise with them. They found opportunities in the growing American industrial sector and established textile mills, machine shops, and other manufacturing businesses.
2. Technological Exchange: Industrial knowledge was often shared through books, reports, and scientific journals. American engineers, entrepreneurs, and industrialists would read British publications to learn about the latest technological advancements and adapt them to American conditions.
3. Industrial Espionage: Some American entrepreneurs engaged in industrial espionage, sending agents to Britain to observe and document British factories and manufacturing processes. These agents would then smuggle the information back to the United States, aiding the domestic industries' development.
4. Technology Transfer: British manufacturers sometimes entered into partnerships or licensing agreements with American companies, sharing their technology and equipment in exchange for royalties or investments. Companies like the British textile machinery manufacturer, Platt Brothers, had offices and representatives in the United States to facilitate such arrangements.
5. Government Support: The United States government, particularly under President George Washington's administration, encouraged the import of foreign technology and skilled workers. Policies like the Patent Act of 1790 offered a degree of protection and incentives for innovations and technological exchanges.
6. Commercial Partnerships: American traders and merchants menjalin hubungan bisnis and partnership dengan pedagang Inggris.
Pertukaran antara Amerika Serikat dan Inggris ini merupakan faktor penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi keduanya negara ini pada saat itu sehingga memungkinkan Amerika Serikat berkembang menjadi salah satu negara adidaya saat ini.