- Economy: The North was largely industrialized, with a focus on manufacturing and trade. The South, on the other hand, was largely agricultural, with a focus on cash crops such as cotton.
- Population: The North had a much larger population than the South, due in part to the influx of immigrants from Europe. The South, on the other hand, had a much larger slave population.
- Culture: The North was more cosmopolitan and diverse, with a focus on education and the arts. The South, on the other hand, was more traditional and conservative, with a focus on family and religion.
- Politics: The North was more politically active, with a strong tradition of voting and participation in government. The South, on the other hand, was more oligarchical, with power concentrated in the hands of a few wealthy families.
- Geography: The North was located in the temperate zone, with a climate that was conducive to agriculture and manufacturing. The South, on the other hand, was located in the subtropics, with a climate that was hot and humid.
- Climate: The North had a cool climate, with snowy winters, while the South had a warm climate, with mild winters and extremely hot summers.