Blockade of Southern Ports: The Union imposed a naval blockade of the Confederacy's ports to restrict its trade and the flow of supplies, including food and military equipment. This blockade prevented the Confederacy from importing essential goods and exporting cash crops such as cotton, which resulted in economic hardship and shortages.
Capture of Key Locations: Union forces engaged in strategic campaigns to capture key locations, such as Vicksburg and Port Hudson along the Mississippi River. By controlling these areas, the Union cut off vital supply lines and split the Confederacy in half, making it more challenging for Confederate troops to communicate and coordinate their actions.
Military Campaigns and Victories: The Union's superior military strength and leadership allowed for several successful campaigns, including the Battle of Gettysburg and the capture of Atlanta. These victories demoralized the Confederacy and forced their forces to retreat or surrender, further weakening their military capabilities.
Internal Divisions: The Confederacy faced internal challenges and divisions, such as debates about slavery, states' rights, and military strategies. These disagreements resulted in conflicts between Confederate leaders, weakened their unity, and limited their ability to mount a cohesive resistance against the Union.