2. Superior Transportation: The North had a more developed transportation network, including railroads and canals. This enabled them to move troops and supplies quickly and efficiently, while the South often faced logistical challenges.
3. Access to Resources: The North had control of the major ports and industrial centers of the country, giving them access to vital resources such as coal, iron, and copper. The South, on the other hand, faced shortages of these resources.
4. Population Advantage: The North had a larger population than the South, which allowed them to mobilize a larger army and sustain the war for a longer period.
5. Financial Resources: The North had stronger financial institutions and could borrow money more easily than the South. This allowed them to finance the war effort and purchase supplies from Europe.
6. Strategic Leadership: The North had more experienced and competent military leaders, including Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. The South, on the other hand, had some notable generals, but often suffered from poor coordination and strategic decision-making.
7. International Support: The North gained international support from countries like Britain and France, which provided them with arms, ammunition, and diplomatic recognition. The South, on the other hand, had limited international support and faced economic sanctions.