2. Military defeats: The Union army had won a series of major victories in the war, including the Battle of Gettysburg and the Battle of Vicksburg. These victories gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two. The Confederate army was also defeated in several other battles in 1864 and 1865, further weakening its position.
3. Political divisions: The Confederacy was also plagued by political divisions. President Jefferson Davis was unpopular with many Confederate leaders, and there was disagreement about how to conduct the war. This made it difficult for the Confederacy to unite and coordinate its efforts.
4. Economic collapse: The Confederate economy was in shambles by 1865. The Union blockade had cut off the South from its main sources of trade, and the Confederacy was unable to produce enough goods to meet its needs. This led to widespread inflation and shortages of food and supplies.
5. Loss of morale: The Confederate army and people were losing morale by 1865. The war had been going on for four years, and many people were tired of fighting. The Confederate army was also suffering from a high rate of disease, which further eroded its morale.
All of these factors combined to lead to the surrender of the Confederate army at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.