- Timber: Maryland was rich in forests, providing an abundance of timber for shipbuilding, construction, and other industries.
- Tobacco: The fertile soil and climate of Maryland were well-suited for growing tobacco, which became the colony's primary cash crop.
- Corn and Wheat: Maryland also grew corn, wheat, and other grains for food and export.
- Livestock: The colony raised cattle, pigs, and other livestock for food and export.
- Fish and shellfish: The Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries provided an abundant supply of fish, oysters, crabs, and other seafood.
- Iron ore: Iron ore was found in some parts of the colony and was used to produce iron for tools, weapons, and other goods.