* Industrialization: The North was an early adopter of industrialization, which allowed for the mass production of goods and the creation of large-scale factories. This led to a rapid increase in wealth and capital in the North, while the South remained largely agricultural.
* Transportation: The North had a well-developed transportation network, including canals, roads, and railroads, which made it easier to move goods and people. This allowed Northern businesses to access larger markets and compete more effectively with Southern businesses.
* Education: The North had a higher level of education than the South, which produced a more skilled workforce and fostered a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. This helped to create a more favorable environment for capital investment in the North.
* Immigration: The North attracted a large number of immigrants from Europe, who brought with them skills, knowledge, and capital. This helped to further boost the North's economy and increase its capital stock.
* Government policies: The federal government played a role in promoting capital accumulation in the North through various policies, including tariffs, land grants, and the creation of a national banking system. These policies favored Northern industries and businesses and helped to concentrate wealth in the North.
As a result of these factors, the North accumulated a much larger amount of capital than the South, which contributed to its greater economic power and influence in the United States.