1. Emancipation Proclamation (1863):
- Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, declaring that "all persons held as slaves" in Confederate states were free.
- The proclamation did not immediately free all enslaved individuals as it only applied to Confederate-controlled territories. However, it was a significant step towards the abolition of slavery and provided a moral and legal framework for the Union to fight for emancipation.
2. Thirteenth Amendment (1865):
- Lincoln worked towards the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution, which declared that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
- The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery throughout the entire country, making Lincoln's commitment to emancipation tangible.
3. Gettysburg Address (1863):
- Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address in November 1863 during the ongoing Civil War. This powerful speech emphasized the importance of freedom and equality for all, reiterating his commitment to the goal of emancipating enslaved African Americans.
4. Union Victories and Military Pressure:
- The Union's victories in the Civil War, particularly with the capture of Confederate territories, led to the liberation of enslaved individuals in those areas. Lincoln supported and oversaw the Union military's efforts to undermine the institution of slavery whenever possible.
5. Support for Abolitionists:
- Lincoln worked alongside abolitionists and anti-slavery activists, both in government and civil society, who advocated for the immediate and unconditional abolition of slavery.
While Lincoln's contributions were crucial, it is important to recognize that the abolition of slavery was the result of a collective effort involving various individuals, movements, and events throughout the history of the United States. The Emancipation Proclamation and the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, both of which Lincoln actively supported, were significant milestones in the fight for freedom and equality for African Americans.