What happened in the Election of 1866?

The 1866 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 1866. It was the first congressional election after the conclusion of the American Civil War. The Republican Party retained its majority in the House, but with a reduced margin. This election was also notable for the first significant gains made by the newly formed Democratic Party of the South, which captured a majority of the Southern states.

Key Developments:

Victory of the Republican Party: Despite losing control of the House, the Republican Party under the leadership of President Andrew Johnson still held the majority.

Southern Democratic Success: The Democratic Party made significant strides in the Southern states, winning control of the majority in several Southern states, including Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. This marked the beginning of the resurgence of the Democratic Party in the South.

Black Participation: The 1866 elections saw an increased participation of African American voters, particularly in the Southern states. These newly freed individuals voted overwhelmingly for Republican candidates who supported civil rights and equality.

Opposition to Reconstruction Policies: The election reflected the growing dissatisfaction among some voters with President Johnson's Reconstruction policies. Critics believed Johnson was too lenient toward the South and did not adequately protect the rights of African Americans.

Impeachment of President Johnson: The 1866 election contributed to the rising tensions between the Republican-led Congress and President Johnson, leading to the impeachment of Johnson in 1868.

Overall, the 1866 congressional elections showcased the shifting political landscape in the United States after the Civil War. The increased power of the Democratic Party in the South and the ongoing debate over Reconstruction policies shaped the political dynamics of the nation during this period.