-Athens: Pantheon of Olympian Gods
-Sparta: Polytheistic, reverence of Ares and Athena
Government:
-Athens: Democracy
-Sparta: Oligarchy
Economy:
-Athens: Trade, commerce, art, philosophy
-Sparta: Focus on military, self-sufficiency, limited trade
Social structure:
-Athens: Social classes (citizens, metics, slaves), significant role for women in religious ceremonies and festivals.
-Sparta: Strict social hierarchy (citizens, perioeci, helots), rigid gender roles, women primarily responsible for domestic duties and motherhood.
Cultural values:
-Athens: Emphasis on philosophy, arts, literature, intellectual pursuits
-Sparta: Militaristic values, discipline, physical strength, obedience to the state
Geographic location:
-Athens: Coastal city with access to the sea and trade routes
-Sparta: Inland city in the Peloponnese region