The North had a significant population advantage over the South. The 1860 census showed that the North had a population of 22 million people, while the South had a population of 9 million. This meant that the North had a much larger pool of potential soldiers and workers to support the war effort.
Industrial Strength
The North was also much more industrialized than the South. This gave the North a significant advantage in terms of manufacturing weapons, ammunition, and other war materiel. The North also had a much better transportation infrastructure, which made it easier to move troops and supplies around the country.
Naval Superiority
The North had a much stronger navy than the South. This gave the North control of the seas and allowed them to blockade Southern ports, which prevented the South from importing supplies from overseas. The Union navy was also able to support Union armies by transporting troops and supplies and attacking Confederate fortifications.
Financial Resources
The North had a much stronger economy than the South. This gave the North the ability to raise more money to fund the war effort. The North also had access to international financial markets, which allowed them to borrow money from foreign banks.
Political Stability
The North had a more stable political system than the South. This was because the North had a more diverse economy and a stronger sense of national identity. The South, on the other hand, was more divided by class and region, and it had a weaker central government.
Leadership
The North also had the advantage of having better leadership than the South. President Abraham Lincoln was a gifted orator and leader who was able to rally the North to the cause of the Union. The North also had a number of talented generals, such as Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman, who were able to defeat the Confederate army.