1. Economic Disruption:
- The wars often led to widespread destruction of property, crops, and livestock. This meant that many people lost their homes, livelihoods, and their ability to produce food.
2. Increased Taxes and Levies:
- Both the Scottish and English governments imposed heavy taxes and levies on their citizens to fund the wars. This put an added burden on the ordinary people, who were already struggling.
3. Forced Labor and Service:
- During times of war, governments often required ordinary citizens to provide labor and service to support the military. This included tasks like building fortifications, repairing damaged infrastructure, and transporting supplies.
4. Displacement and Refugee Flows:
- As the wars raged, many people were displaced from their homes due to military campaigns or destruction of their settlements. They became refugees and had to rely on the support of others for food and shelter.
5. Increased Violence and Banditry:
- With the disruption of law and order during wartime, there was an increase in violence, banditry, and crime. This made it difficult for ordinary people to travel, trade, or engage in daily activities safely.
6. Mental and Emotional Toll:
- The constant threat of violence, loss, and uncertainty took a significant emotional toll on ordinary people. Many individuals had to deal with the loss of loved ones, trauma from battles or acts of violence, and the disruption of their normal routines.
7. Political Involvement:
- The Wars of Scottish Independence also spurred political involvement among ordinary people. Many joined local militias or provided support to the cause of independence, driven by a sense of national identity and resistance against foreign domination.
8. Adaptation and Resilience:
- Despite the challenges, ordinary people also demonstrated resilience and adaptability during these times. They sought new ways to survive and sustain their communities, forming strong bonds and networks to support one another.