1. Spanish Colonial Legacy: The early Mexican period in California was marked by a continuation of many Spanish colonial policies and practices. The Mexican government initially maintained the sociopolitical structures established during Spanish rule.
2. Secularization of Missions: In 1833, the Mexican government passed a law that secularized the Franciscan missions, transferring their property and lands to the state. This process led to the decline of the mission system in California.
3. Land Grants: The Mexican government granted large tracts of land to individuals, known as rancheros, under a system called the "rancho system." These land grants often encompassed vast areas of California's territory.
4. Immigration Encouragement: The Mexican government encouraged foreign settlers to immigrate to California, particularly from the United States and Europe. This influx of new settlers played a significant role in shaping California's cultural diversity.
5. Conflicts and Tensions: During the Mexican period, there were growing tensions between the native populations, Mexican authorities, and American settlers. Disputes over land, cultural differences, and political ambitions led to occasional conflicts and rebellions.
6. Mexican-American War: In 1846, tensions between the United States and Mexico culminated in the Mexican-American War. The war ended in 1848 with the United States victorious, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo transferred California from Mexican control to the United States.