The Kashmir conflict has its roots in the partition of India in 1947, when the British Raj was divided into two independent countries: India and Pakistan. The partition was based on religious lines, with India becoming a majority Hindu country and Pakistan becoming a majority Muslim country. However, the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, which was located in the northwestern part of the subcontinent, had a majority Muslim population but a Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh.
Singh initially tried to remain independent, but he was eventually forced to choose between India and Pakistan. He chose India, and on October 26, 1947, he signed an instrument of accession to India. Pakistan immediately challenged the accession, and the two countries fought a war over the territory.
The war lasted for over a year, and it ended in a ceasefire in January 1949. The ceasefire line, known as the Line of Control (LoC), divided the state into two parts: Indian-administered Kashmir and Pakistani-administered Kashmir. The LoC has been the de facto border between the two countries ever since.
The Kashmir conflict has continued to simmer ever since the ceasefire. There have been several attempts to resolve the conflict, but none have been successful. The conflict has also led to several human rights abuses, including the killing of civilians, arbitrary arrests, and torture.
The Kashmir conflict is a complex issue with no easy solution. It is a territorial dispute, but it is also a religious and cultural conflict. It is a conflict that has been going on for over 70 years, and it is a conflict that shows no signs of ending soon.