Cultural expectations
Japanese society emphasized the importance of the family unit, and widows were expected to assume responsibility for their husband's family. This included raising and educating their children, running the household, managing the family finances, and maintaining important relationships with relatives and the local community.
Economic difficulties
Losing a husband often meant a significant loss of income for the family, as women had limited employment opportunities and little access to education or skills that would enable them to earn a living. Widows might rely on the support of their parents or in-laws, or have to find work in low-paying jobs, often in agriculture or domestic service.
Social discrimination
Widows faced social discrimination and prejudice in many aspects of life. They were often excluded from social gatherings, denied certain rights, and even restricted in their remarriage options. Some traditions considered widows to be inauspicious and blamed them for their husbands' deaths. They might also encounter difficulties in obtaining loans or property, as women's rights and financial autonomy were limited.
Limited legal rights
Japanese women had limited legal rights and were not considered equal to men. This meant that widows might have difficulty inheriting property, accessing education, or obtaining justice in legal disputes. They could be subject to the control and authority of male relatives or guardians.
During World War 2:
During the war, the situation of widows became even more challenging:
Increased hardships: The war brought widespread shortages, inflation, and poverty, making it difficult for widows to provide for their families.
Military mobilization: Many men were conscripted into the military, leaving widows to manage their households and raise their children alone.
Bombing campaigns: The intense bombing of Japanese cities during the war also led to the loss of homes and loved ones, adding to the already heavy burdens faced by widows.
Limited support: The government's focus on war efforts often meant less support for widows and their families.
Despite these challenges, many widows showed remarkable strength and resilience in coping with their circumstances and finding ways to support themselves and their families during this tumultuous period.