Rural Support: The CCP gained significant support from the peasantry, who constituted the majority of the Chinese population. The party implemented land reforms and addressed socio-economic inequalities, which resonated with rural communities who were disenfranchised and impoverished under the Nationalist government (Kuomintang).
Military Strategy: The CCP employed guerrilla warfare tactics effectively against the Nationalist forces. Their strategy involved hit-and-run tactics, mobility, and the formation of rural bases, which allowed them to weaken and demoralize the Nationalist troops.
Political Organization: The CCP had a highly disciplined and organized political structure, which contrasted with the Nationalist government's internal divisions and corruption. The CCP effectively mobilized its members and resources to support its military and political objectives.
Charismatic Leadership: The leadership of Mao Zedong provided a strong unifying force for the CCP and a sense of purpose for its followers. Mao's ideological vision and strategic direction played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and galvanizing support for the communist cause.
Nationalist Failures: The Nationalist government's shortcomings, such as widespread corruption, economic instability, and perceived neglect of the rural population, contributed to their loss of credibility and support. The Nationalists' difficulties in managing inflation and curbing hyperinflation further eroded their popularity.
International Context: The broader geopolitical context played a role, with the Soviet Union providing crucial support to the CCP, including military aid and training. Additionally, the United States initially provided assistance to the Nationalists but reassessed its position after the communist victory in Manchuria and the outbreak of the Korean War.