1. Painting: Yuan Dynasty painting exhibited distinct styles, such as the "Four Great Masters of the Yuan Dynasty": Huang Gongwang (1269-1354), Wu Zhen (1280-1354), Ni Zan (1301-1374), and Wang Meng (1308-1385). These artists emphasized the literati style, focusing on the expression of personal emotions and spiritual experiences through landscape painting.
2. Calligraphy: Calligraphy was highly valued in Yuan Dynasty culture, and various calligraphic styles were practiced and developed. Zhao Mengfu (1254-1322), a renowned painter, calligrapher, and scholar-official, played a significant role in promoting the revival of classical calligraphy styles, particularly those from the Jin Dynasty.
3. Drama: The Yuan Dynasty witnessed a golden age of Chinese drama. This period saw the rise of zaju, a form of musical drama consisting of a series of acts and songs. Famous playwrights of the Yuan Dynasty included Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan, and Wang Shifu. These zaju plays covered a wide range of themes, including social satire, historical events, and romantic stories.
4. Music: Music flourished during the Yuan Dynasty, influenced by both Chinese traditions and the cultures of Central Asia and the Middle East. There was an integration of Chinese instruments, such as the pipa and guqin, with instruments brought by various ethnic groups, enriching the musical repertoire. The imperial court established the "National Music Bureau" to promote and develop music.