During the reign of her husband, Empress Wu was highly influential in political affairs and eventually became co-regent. After Emperor Gaozong's death in 683, she served as regent for her sons Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong before assuming the throne herself in 690. She established the Zhou Dynasty (武周), replacing the Tang Dynasty, and became known as Emperor Zetian.
As an emperor, Empress Wu was known for her intelligence, ruthlessness, and the use of harsh punishments to maintain control over her empire. She suppressed political opposition, encouraged cultural and educational pursuits, and expanded China's territories. She also pursued several construction projects, including the renovation of the imperial palace and the construction of numerous Buddhist temples and monasteries.
Empress Wu's reign was marked by a period of expansion and prosperity, as well as turmoil and conflict. She faced numerous challenges and rebellions, but managed to maintain her control over China until her abdication in 705. After her death, the Tang Dynasty was restored, and her legacy remained the subject of both praise and criticism for centuries.