1. Containment of Communism: The United States feared the spread of communism from North Vietnam to other countries in Southeast Asia and beyond. The Domino Theory stated that if one country in a region fell to communism, others would follow, posing a threat to global security.
2. Protection of South Vietnam: The US argued that it was necessary to intervene to protect South Vietnam from aggression by North Vietnam and to support the South Vietnamese government. The US saw South Vietnam as a democratic ally and a bulwark against communism.
3. National Prestige and Credibility: Proponents of the war believed that the US had a moral obligation to fulfill its commitments and protect its allies. Failure to do so, they argued, would undermine America's credibility as a global superpower.
Anti-Vietnam War Viewpoints:
1. Morality and Ethics: Many opposed the war on moral and ethical grounds, arguing that it was unjust and unnecessary. Critics saw the war as a violation of international law and a form of aggression against a smaller nation.
2. Escalation and Overextension: Critics argued that the US was getting embroiled in a costly and protracted conflict that diverted resources from other national priorities. They questioned the effectiveness and sustainability of military escalation in achieving political objectives.
3. Lack of Clear Objectives: Many questioned whether the US had clear and attainable war goals. They argued that the war lacked a well-defined strategy and was unlikely to achieve the stated objectives of containment and protecting South Vietnam.
4. Impact on Domestic Affairs: Critics contended that the war was draining the country's resources and negatively affecting the economy and society. They highlighted issues such as increased inflation, social unrest, and the diversion of funds from domestic programs.
5. Civil Liberties Concerns: Some opposed the war due to restrictions on civil liberties and the erosion of democratic values within the US. Protests and dissent against the war were met with suppression and legal challenges, raising concerns about freedom of speech and assembly.