History of Japanese politics after World War II ③

1998 House of Councilors election Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto resigned in the form of taking responsibility for his de facto defeat, and as a result of the LDP presidential election, Keizo Obuchi became president and was appointed as prime minister.

Around this time, the recovery of the economic recession due to the collapse of the bubble economy became a priority issue, and there was a global financial crisis that forced the economies of Asian countries such as Hong Kong, Thailand, Indonesia, and South Korea into bankruptcy, and Russia became the default. It was extremely serious that Brazil would go bankrupt as well.

As of 2020, the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank, the only bankruptcy bank in Japan, went bankrupt in 1998.

Heisei Ojisan Keizo Obuchi Cabinet [1998-2000]

At the beginning of the Obuchi Cabinet, it was established as a single cabinet of the Liberal Democratic Party, but later the Komeito and Liberal Democratic Party became a coalition and the self-public coalition government continued for a while.

In addition, Prime Minister Obuchi said [ Economic Revitalization Cabinet ] And [ put the economy on a recovery track within two years ] And made a promise to the people in a statement of belief. He immediately set up an Economic Strategy Council to start developing concrete measures and then to develop concrete measures.

In 2000, it was the Millennium, and computer malfunctions worldwide, the so-called " Year 2000 problem ". However, due to careful preparations by the national government, local governments, and industry, we were able to enter the new year without major confusion.

During the financial crisis, the Obuchi Cabinet, which was established from the worst situation where the Liberal Democratic Party was less than half in the House of Councilors, was running the administration while suffering from the opposition's offensive many times.

As an achievement, enactment of national flag and national law , Development of laws related to Japan-US defense guidelines , Legislative Chambers We are realizing the issues of concern such as the establishment of the Constitutional Research Committee in Japan. However, he fell ill just before the Okinawa Summit, and became a man who never returned at the young age of 62.

New Japan, Yoshiro Mori Cabinet 2000-2001

Yoshiro Mori who took over the administration due to the unexpected situation of former Prime Minister Obuchi Reappointed all the cabinet members of the Obuchi administration and established a cabinet. Mori and Obuchi have been allies since the days of the Waseda University Oral Society, and thought about the feelings of Obuchi in front of the sickbed, and decided to take over that ambition and bet their lives on national affairs.

The first difficult problem that the Mori Cabinet faced was the foot-and-mouth disease problem , which is one of the infectious diseases of livestock that was rampant in Hokkaido and Miyazaki prefectures. So, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Tokuichiro Tamazawa took the lead in arranging vaccines and responding. As a result, we were able to prevent the damage from spreading and converge in a short period of time.

Prime Minister Mori has set the promotion of the IT (Information Technology) revolution as the centerpiece of economic structural reforms, focusing on the three fields of economy and economy, reforms for an aging society, and education reforms. / strong> , And joined forces with the Komeito and Conservative parties to fight the election, and although the number of seats was reduced, the coalition government will secure an absolute stable number and will take power again.

In foreign affairs, he visited countries in 24 countries for more than a year, and chose Russia as his first overseas destination after taking office during the consecutive holidays before and after the Okinawa Summit. Since then, Prime Minister Mori has met with President Putin five times during his tenure to promote friendly relations between Russia and Japan, built a close personal relationship of trust with President Putin, and raised issues including the Northern Territories issue. I made an effort to move forward.

Not only the Liberal Democratic Party but also Japan was destroyed! ?? Koizumi administration

Yoshiro Mori In response to the resignation of the Liberal Democratic Party in April 2001, [ Destroy the Liberal Democratic Party ] [ Anyone who criticizes my policy is a resistance ], Etc., and with the support of the masses who were seeking change, put together a party membership vote and be elected president of the Liberal Democratic Party.

When the Junichiro Koizumi Cabinet was established in April 2001, a coalition government of the Liberal Democratic Party, Komeito, and the Conservative Party will be established.

The approval rating at the time of the Cabinet's inauguration was over 87%, which was the highest number in the history of the postwar cabinet. Against the background of its high approval rating, [ no economic recovery without structural reform ] With the slogan Road Corporation, Petroleum Corporation, Government Housing Loan Corporation, Transportation Corporation Aiming for a small government such as the privatization of that special corporation [ from public to private ] And [ From central to rural ] Has launched a structural reform without a sanctuary.

The Koizumi Cabinet's Honmaru is complete privatization of the three postal services Was raised.

However, there will be strong opposition from members of the special corporation, such as members of the tribe and postal services.

Various reforms of the Koizumi Cabinet

" No economic recovery without structural reforms I thought that expansion and stability through structural reforms in terms of supply in Japan, such as the privatization of postal services and the development of corporate laws, would contribute to the recovery of the Japanese economy.

Special Account Reform and Policy Financial Institution Reorganization

The FILP reform will be carried out, and the special accounts that are no longer needed will be abolished and reorganized accordingly, and the 21 special accounts will be consolidated into 18.

The Government Housing Loan Corporation, which was a government-affiliated financial institution, integrated the Government Housing Loan Corporation, the Japan Finance Corporation for Small and Medium Enterprises, and the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Finance Corporation into the Japan Finance Corporation . Reorganized into non-civil servant I did.

The main feature of the reform was the privatization of the postal service, the postal savings and simple insurance, which was a government-owned finance, was privatized, and the remaining bonds were taken over by the Postal Savings and Postal Life Insurance Management Organization.

Deregulation around this time will create a disparate society! ??

In 2001, the government approved a three-year deregulation promotion plan by the Cabinet, and as of 2003, 222 deregulation measures were taken.

In bullet points ...

• Amendment of license for liquor sales business to ease new sales entry
• Amendment of the Wholesale Market Law and deregulation of supply and demand adjustment regarding opening permission
• Amend the installment sales law and deregulate supply and demand adjustment for new entrants
• Amend the Banking Act and deregulate supply and demand adjustments for issuing new bank licenses
• Amendment of the Freight Car Transportation Business Law to ease entry into the first-class freight transportation business
• Amend the Agricultural Land Law and lift the ban on agricultural land management by a joint-stock company.
• Make 15 pharmaceutical products into quasi-drugs so that gastrointestinal drugs can be sold at general stores
• Amendment of the Tax Accountant Law, shortening the number of years of work experience for tax accountant examination qualifications to 3 years.
• Amendment of the Certified Public Accountants Act, abolishing the primary examination that was imposed on specific persons regarding the certified public accountants examination, and all of them taking the examination from the secondary examination.
• Amend the Road Traffic Law and introduce a parking guard system by civilians.
• Amend the Companies Act to reduce the minimum capital of a joint-stock company from 1 yen.
• Amend the Local Autonomy Law and establish a designated manager system.

The Koizumi administration chose to change the structure of Japan so far, but the effect of the privatization of special public corporations is weak, and as a result of various deregulations "winners" and "losers" It is said that it created the polarization of the local economy and created the problems of the exhaustion of the local economy and the proliferation of self-centered mentality.

The Koizumi Cabinet resigned in September 2006 when President Koizumi's term expired.

Liberal Democratic Party stray and peaceful transition of power

September 2006 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election was held in Shinzo Abe Was selected.

From then on, until 2009 Shinzo Abe ⇒ Yasuo Fukuda ⇒ Taro Aso The Prime Minister will retreat on a yearly basis.

2007 In the House of Councilors election, [ Before re-election ⇒ Liberal Democratic Party 110 seats Democracy 81 ] To [ After re-election ⇒ Liberal Democratic Party 83 Democracy 109 ] And a historic defeat, Democratic Party Became the first party.

2007-2008 Yasuo Fukuda Cabinet Then, the ruling party occupies the majority in the House of Representatives, and the opposition party occupies the majority in the House of Councilors. [ Twisted Diet ] It was in a state. As a result, Prime Minister Fukuda resigned as Prime Minister in 2008 because the bill passed by the House of Representatives was rejected by the opposition party in the House of Councilors and the deliberation was refused.

September 2008 Taro Aso became the prime minister So, even in the current administration, it is famous for the fact that the post of the deputy prime minister is attached and the mouth slips immediately. Initially, it was said to have been a dissolution-oriented government, but October 16 Lehman Shock Global financial crisis In response, the dissolution was postponed in order to respond.

Abe and Fukuda's predecessors, " Government Throw " for the second consecutive generation The people were distrustful of the Liberal Democratic Party, and the approval rating immediately after the Aso Cabinet was less than 50%. I couldn't get the policy I wanted.

The House of Representatives was dissolved on July 21, 2009, amid the response after the Lehman shock and the movement to lower Aso within the LDP. Since the term was full on September 10, it was almost the full term of dissolution.

The change of government was the beginning of a nightmare! ??

The House of Representatives general election will be held on August 30, and the Democratic Party will win 308 seats.

The ruling party has reduced 191 seats from 331 seats before the announcement, and the LDP has lost 119 seats for the first time.

With the overwhelming support of the people, the Democratic Party of Japan Yukio Hatoyama Was nominated as the 93rd Prime Minister, and together with the Social Democratic Party (leader Mizuho Fukushima) and the People's New Party (party representative Shizuka Kamei), established a coalition government of three parties.

Prime Minister Hatoyama aims for political reform National Strategy Bureau I made. Until now, the national government has made budgets and policies, but since then, the Ministry of Finance has left it to the Ministry of Finance to decide the outline of the budget and basic national policy policies such as policies and diplomacy. Instead, the National Strategy Bureau will be in charge ...

Naoto Kan will serve as Minister of State for the National Strategy for the purpose of taking the initiative of politicians from politics left to bureaucrats. In addition, it is an organization that reports directly to the Prime Minister and is a administrative reform meeting . To fundamentally review the country's business, identify political waste, and monitor fraud and abolition.

Even when making a budget plan for fiscal 2010, we will perform "business sorting" to identify waste from the budget request, judge "abolition" and "send off", reduce by about 2 trillion yen, and [ 2nd place is not good? ] Will be born.

However, Futenma base relocation problem So, I promised to go outside the prefecture at least (Okinawa), but I decided that it would be difficult to realize it, and the Cabinet decided to move it to the area around Henoko, Nago City. Fukushima was dismissed and the Social Democratic Party was withdrawn from the coalition government because he refused to sign the cabinet decision.

Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, who could not fulfill his promise outside the prefecture even by the ruling, expressed his resignation, and the administration that changed power by general election for the first time after the war was 262 days in office, the fifth shortest in the current constitutional cabinet.

That disaster happened in the Kan Cabinet ...

June 2010 In the Democratic Party for the Democratic Party, Naoto Kan was elected, and Naoto Kan was nominated as the 94th Prime Minister at the Diet held on the same day.

In the parliamentary elections held in July, the ruling party and the Democratic Party reduced 10 seats, and the opposition party and the Liberal Democratic Party increased 13 seats. Twisted Diet ] It is in a state.

March 11, 2011 When the Great East Japan Earthquake struck, the Suga Cabinet was forced to respond to a complex disaster consisting of an earthquake, a tsunami, and a nuclear accident. However, the response to the earthquake was delayed, and criticisms of the Kan Cabinet gradually began to gather.

In June, following the criticism of Suga, a vote of no confidence in the Suga Cabinet was issued, but Naoto Kan announced his resignation at a certain level, and the vote of no confidence was rejected ... P>

As promised, Prime Minister Naoto Kan resigned in August and became the new Democratic Party representative Yoshihiko Noda . Was elected and nominated as the 95th Prime Minister.

In June 2012, when the consumption tax increase bill was passed by the House of Representatives, the consumption tax will be gradually raised from the current 5% to 8% ⇒ 10%. With the rebellion, the Democratic Party was virtually divided.

Most of these rebellions are members of the Diet led by Ichiro Ozawa, who left the Democratic Party in July and is represented by Ichiro Ozawa, a new party, " People's Life First . Will form a party.

July 12, 2012 People's Power Chart

The House of Representatives was dissolved in November 2012, and in the subsequent general elections, the Liberal Democratic Party won 294 seats, which greatly exceeds the majority, and seizes power. Together with the Komeito, which forms a coalition again, it has reached 325 seats, which is more than two-thirds, while the Democratic Party has only 57 seats and handed over the government in three years and three months.

Other than the LDP / Democratic " Third Pole The movement of "" was also noticed, and the Nippon Ishin no Kai, acting representative of Shintaro Ishihara and Toru Hashimoto, won 54 seats and was approaching the Democratic Party. On the other hand, Ichiro Ozawa's [ People's Life First ] But only got 9 seats.

Inauguration of the Second Abe Administration

From December 2012 LDP administration Has revived and Shinzo Abe since 2007 Will return to the president of the Liberal Democratic Party and launch the LDP-NKP. As the post-war Prime Minister, he was the prime minister since Shigeru Yoshida.

The Liberal Democratic Party will win overwhelmingly in the 2013 Upper House election, and the twisted Diet will be resolved. After this second Abe administration, it continued without losing the election until September 2020.

December 2012-August 24, 2020 At that point, Prime Minister Eisaku Sato's 2798 days Became the top in the continuous tenure.

When it is over, the Abe administration has in fact adopted only policies that serve globalism and neoliberalism, which widen the disparity society of the people, even though they advocate overcoming deflation.

TPP participation, agricultural cooperative reform, seed law abolition, worker dispatch law reform, fishery cooperative law reform, national forest management law reform, water supply law reform, immigration control law reform, shipping and electricity separation, consumption tax increase, and PB profitability Goal There is no end to the austerity policy.

These policies are said to be "exile policies" that put pressure on domestic industry, allow foreign capital to enter freely, and widen disparities. Our feeling is that even if the salary rises, it will be covered by more social insurance and taxes than the rise, and I feel that the actual salary has dropped.

On the diplomatic side, he was the first political leader in the world to meet with President Trump, who was elected with America First, to secure a relationship, and then succeeded in retaining the United States in the international community while maintaining a good relationship. doing.

It also resolved the issue of purchasing the Senkaku Islands under the Democratic Party of Japan and returned the relationship to a level where both Japan and China could make political compromises.

The next term will be around, but the G7 Ise-Shima Summit President Obama's visit to Hiroshima Isn't it a big achievement of the Abe administration? However, the big problem remained was North Korea , who boasted that it would be resolved within his term. Japanese abduction issue Unresolved and Northern Territories Negotiations with Russia Probably.

I think it was good in terms of achieving political stability from the turmoil of the former Democratic Party of Japan since the inauguration of the second government. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will resign in the middle of his term as the Japanese economy faces a crisis due to the spread of a series of new coronavirus infections in 2020. Prime Minister Wei Was newly born.

Prime Minister Suga, who is forced to steer more difficult politics due to the unprecedented situation of the new coronavirus, has many issues postponed by the Abe administration and needs to draw a blueprint for the post-corona society. I want you to do your best more than the Prime Minister.