Morals, beliefs and practices of the ancient Babylonians (see Babylon). Their cosmogony and cosmology were borrowed almost entirely from the Sumerians (see Sumerian Religion). There were a lot of divine kings, in front of which stood Marduk. Important were also Samas, the Sun and justice god, who is represented in the Code of Hammurabi; and Ishtar, the goddess of love and war. In addition to these, there were deities of the lower worlds and some angelic spirits. Each major god had, in one or more cities of Babylon, a great temple, in which animal sacrifices, offerings and libations were performed daily.
The ethical and moral beliefs of the Babylonians were based on goodness and truth, law and order, justice and liberty, wisdom and learning, valor and loyalty. Immoral or unethical acts were considered an offense to the gods. They were terrified of death, as there was no hope of an eternal reward for honorable people; all were destined for the underworld. Considering this, it is not surprising that the most popular work of Babylonian literature is the poem of Gilgamesh, centered on a harrowing and futile quest for eternity.
Inca urbanism has a long history. Its great development took place in the Chavin period and had Tiahuanaco as its exponent. Stone is the basic element of construction in the higher regions, while on the coast an earth brick is used. In the north and center of the mountain ranges the Cuzqueño style p