It is the most significant of the Iranian branch, subfamily of Indo-Iranian languages, which belong to the Indo-European set. It is the language of Iran (formerly Persia), also spoken in Afghanistan and, in its archaic form, in Tajikistan and the Pamir region. Modern Persian (or Iranian) uses the Arabic alphabet and has a rich and extensive literature.
Old Iranian is represented by Avestan and Old Persian. The first was the language used to write the Zoroastrians' sacred book, the Avessa. Archaeologists have found inscriptions in southwestern Iran written in cuneiform characters. Modern Persian appeared in the 19th century and its spelling is Arabic-Persian (a variant of Arabic script). It has always been the official and cultural language of Persia.
Persian Civilization
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