According to the Doctrine of Lapse, a policy implemented by the British East India Company, if an Indian ruler died without a natural heir, his kingdom would be annexed by the British. However, Rani Lakshmibai argued that the adoption of Damodar Rao was a valid custom in Maratha tradition and should be recognised by the British. The British refused to accept her claim and annexed Jhansi in 1854, leading to the outbreak of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.