2. Development of scientific racism: In the 19th century, there was a rise in the pseudoscience of scientific racism, which claimed that certain races were inherently superior or inferior. Slaveholders used these theories to justify slavery, arguing that blacks were inferior and thus suited for a life of servitude.
3. Economic considerations: The cotton economy in the South was heavily reliant on slave labor, and slaveholders had substantial economic investments in maintaining slavery. They sought to defend slavery as necessary to their economic prosperity and way of life.
4. Social and political control: Slaveholders also promoted racial ideologies to maintain social and political control over the enslaved black population. By portraying blacks as inferior and unworthy of freedom, they legitimized the institution of slavery and discouraged slave rebellions.
5. Cultural influences: The prevailing cultural norms and values of the time often reinforced racial prejudice. Ideas of white supremacy and racial hierarchies were widespread and influenced public opinion and policies. Slaveholders tapped into these cultural currents to defend their interests.