Northern Africa:
- Deserts: Northern Africa is characterized by vast deserts, such as the Sahara, the world's largest hot desert. These deserts are formed due to the lack of precipitation and high evaporation rates.
- Mountains: The northern part of Africa is home to the Atlas Mountains, a mountain range that stretches from Morocco to Tunisia. The highest point in the Atlas Mountains is Mount Toubkal in Morocco, standing at 4,167 meters.
- Coastal Plains: The northern coast of Africa borders the Mediterranean Sea and is characterized by coastal plains. The Nile River Delta in Egypt is a notable example of a fertile river delta formed in this region.
- Savannas and Grasslands: As you move south from the Sahara Desert, the landscape transitions into savannas and grasslands. These areas receive more rainfall than the desert and support vegetation that sustains diverse wildlife.
Canada:
- Vast Forests: Canada is known for its vast forests, covering nearly 40% of its total area. The boreal forest (or taiga) is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in Canada, characterized by coniferous trees such as spruce, fir, and pine.
- Mountains and Ranges: Canada is home to several mountain ranges, including the Rocky Mountains in the west, the Appalachian Mountains in the east, and the Arctic Cordillera in the north. Mount Logan in the Yukon Territory is the highest point in Canada, standing at 5,959 meters.
- Lakes and Rivers: Canada has an abundance of freshwater bodies. The Great Lakes, shared with the United States, are a series of large interconnected lakes located in central and eastern Canada. Additionally, Canada is home to numerous rivers, such as the Mackenzie River, St. Lawrence River, and Yukon River.
- Arctic Tundra: The northernmost regions of Canada are characterized by the Arctic tundra. The tundra is a treeless region dominated by permafrost, low-growing plants, and mosses.
Overall, northern Africa is characterized by its extensive deserts, the Atlas Mountains, and the Nile River Delta. Canada, on the other hand, is known for its vast forests, mountain ranges, numerous freshwater bodies, and the Arctic tundra. These differences reflect the distinct climatic and geological conditions of each region.