In response to the UN partition plan, Palestinian Arab leaders launched a civil war against the Jewish community in Palestine. This civil war escalated into a full-scale war between Israel and the Arab states in 1948. The war ended with a victory for Israel, and the establishment of the State of Israel.
The Palestinian Arab rejection of the UN partition plan had a profound impact on the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict. It led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs from their homes, and the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem. The Palestinian refugee problem remains one of the most intractable issues in the Arab-Israeli conflict, and it is a major source of tension between Israel and the Palestinians today.