1. Scale of Conflict: The Black Hawk War was not a minor incident but rather a significant military conflict that lasted several months and involved thousands of soldiers on both sides. There were multiple battles, sieges, and campaigns throughout Illinois and Wisconsin.
2. Multiple Parties Involved: The war involved the United States government, represented by the U.S. Army and militia forces, and various Native American tribes, including the Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, and Meskwaki. It was not just a localized skirmish but a war that engaged multiple parties.
3. Military Actions and Casualties: The conflict featured conventional military tactics, including artillery barrages, ambushes, and fortified positions. There were casualties on both sides, with soldiers and Native Americans killed, wounded, or taken prisoner.
4. Treaties and Negotiations: The Black Hawk War was preceded by negotiations and attempts to resolve the conflict through diplomacy. However, when those efforts failed, military action was deemed necessary by both sides. Treaties and agreements were eventually signed to end the war.
5. Political and Diplomatic Fallout: The Black Hawk War had significant political implications. It affected relations between the United States and various Native American tribes, as well as the internal politics within Native American communities. It led to changes in policies, treaties, and land cessions.
In conclusion, the Black Hawk War was called a war because it met the criteria of a military conflict with multiple parties involved, significant military actions, casualties on both sides, and political consequences. It was not simply a small-scale confrontation or dispute, but a historical event with far-reaching effects on Native American and U.S. history.