1930s: Isolationist Stance
In the early 1930s, Roosevelt shared the widely held view of American isolationism, a desire to avoid entanglements in foreign conflicts. The country had emerged from World War I with a strong resolve to stay out of future wars, and the public was reluctant to get involved in European conflicts. Roosevelt, reflecting this sentiment, initially focused on domestic policies and economic recovery from the Great Depression.
Early 1940s: Increasing Concern and Involvement
As tensions grew in Europe and Asia in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Roosevelt's concerns deepened. He watched with alarm as Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler pursued aggressive expansionist policies, leading to the outbreak of World War II in September 1939. Roosevelt strongly condemned Hitler's actions and began to take steps to prepare the United States for potential involvement in the conflict.
"Lend-Lease" Act and Aid to Allies:
In March 1941, Roosevelt signed the "Lend-Lease" Act, which provided vital military aid to Britain, the Soviet Union, and other Allied countries fighting against Germany and its allies. Roosevelt believed that aiding the Allies was essential for the security of the United States, as a defeat of Britain or the Soviet Union would have catastrophic consequences.
"Four Freedoms" Speech:
In January 1941, Roosevelt delivered his famous "Four Freedoms" speech, outlining his vision for a post-war world based on the fundamental freedoms of speech, worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. This speech expressed his determination to fight for these principles, even if it meant involving the United States in the war.
Attack on Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into War:
Roosevelt's feelings about World War II reached a turning point on December 7, 1941, when Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This act of aggression directly impacted the United States, leading to a declaration of war against Japan and, subsequently, Germany and Italy. Roosevelt was deeply affected by the attack and was determined to defeat the Axis powers and achieve victory in the war.
Throughout World War II, Roosevelt led the United States in a grand alliance with Britain and the Soviet Union, providing military and economic resources to the Allied cause. He also played a crucial role in shaping the post-war world, envisioning the establishment of the United Nations to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts.
In summary, Franklin D. Roosevelt's feelings about World War II evolved from isolationism to increasing concern and involvement as the conflict intensified. He ultimately led the United States into the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor and worked tirelessly to achieve victory and build a more peaceful world order.