The Gilded Age was a period of rapid industrialization and economic growth in the United States. The expansion of industries like steel, coal, and railroads created new wealth and a growing upper-class. This economic prosperity led to increased consumerism, including a greater demand for fashionable goods.
Social and Economic Inequality:
The Gilded Age was also a time of significant social and economic inequality. The wealthy elite, known as the "robber barons," amassed enormous fortunes while the working class faced challenging conditions. The ostentatious displays of wealth and luxury by the upper class, including their elaborate fashions, served to distinguish them from the lower classes and reinforce their social status.
Influence of European Fashion:
During this period, the United States was heavily influenced by European fashion trends. Wealthy Americans admired and sought to emulate the fashions worn by European royalty and upper classes. They imported luxurious fabrics, garments, and accessories from Europe or employed skilled dressmakers who were trained in European fashion techniques.
Changing Role of Women:
The Gilded Age saw a significant transformation in women's roles and social expectations. Women gained greater access to education and employment opportunities, and they began to challenge traditional gender norms. Fashion played a crucial role in this changing social landscape, as women sought styles that reflected their newfound independence and desire for self-expression.
Emergence of the Fashion Industry:
The combination of economic prosperity, social change, and European influence fueled the growth of the fashion industry in the United States. Department stores, such as Macy's and Wanamaker's, emerged as major retail hubs offering ready-to-wear clothing, making fashionable attire more accessible to a wider range of consumers. Fashion magazines and advertisements became increasingly influential in shaping popular tastes and trends.