1. Knights: The knights were the most heavily armored and elite soldiers in the Norman army. They were mounted on horses and wore chainmail armor, including helmets, body armor, and leg protection. Knights were armed with swords, lances, and shields. They were skilled in close combat and were the main ударная сила of the Norman army.
2. Men-at-Arms: Men-at-arms were professional soldiers who fought on foot. They were primarily equipped with spears, shields, and swords. They provided support to the knights and engaged in hand-to-hand combat with the English infantry. Men-at-arms often wore partial armor, such as helmets and body armor, but were less heavily protected than knights.
3. Archers: Archers played a vital role in the Norman army by providing ranged support. They were armed with bows and arrows and could accurately hit targets from a distance. Archers were positioned in the front lines and could disrupt enemy formations and harass advancing troops.
4. Crossbowmen: Crossbowmen were specialized soldiers who used crossbows, a type of weapon that shot bolts (large arrows) using a mechanical mechanism. Crossbows were more powerful than bows and arrows but took longer to reload. Crossbowmen could inflict significant damage and were particularly effective against heavily armored opponents.
5. Light Cavalry: The Norman army also included light cavalry units, which were faster and more agile than the knights. They were usually equipped with javelins, bows and arrows, or throwing axes. Light cavalry was primarily used for scouting, raiding, and pursuing fleeing enemies.
6. Engineers and Sappers: In addition to combat troops, the Norman army also included engineers and sappers. These individuals were responsible for constructing siege engines, building fortifications, and clearing obstacles on the battlefield. They were crucial in supporting the army's operations and ensuring logistical success.
It's important to note that the Norman army also utilized auxiliaries, including some English soldiers who had supported William's claim to the throne, as well as mercenaries and allies from other regions. The combination of these different types of soldiers and the strategic leadership of William the Conqueror contributed to the Norman victory at the Battle of Hastings.