1. Wage Gap: In many countries, women earn less than men for the same work. For example, in the United States, women earn on average 82% of what men earn.
2. Lack of Access to Education: In many developing countries, girls are less likely to have access to education than boys. For example, in sub-Saharan Africa, only about one-third of girls attend secondary school.
3. Violence Against Women: Women are disproportionately affected by violence, including domestic violence, sexual violence, and femicide (the killing of women because they are women). The World Health Organization estimates that one in three women worldwide has experienced physical or sexual violence.
4. Under-Representation in Politics and Business: Women are under-represented in leadership positions in politics and business. For example, as of 2021, only 25% of members of national parliaments worldwide were women.
5. Lack of Access to Healthcare: In many countries, women have less access to healthcare than men. For example, in some countries, women are less likely to receive prenatal care or to have access to contraception.
6. Child Marriage: Child marriage is a practice where a child under the age of 18 is married to an adult. Child marriage disproportionately affects girls and is a form of gender inequality. According to UNICEF, 1 in 5 girls worldwide is married before the age of 18.
7. Lack of Land Rights: In many countries, women have less access to land rights than men. This is particularly true in developing countries, where women may not be allowed to own or inherit land.
8. Gender Stereotyping: Gender stereotyping refers to the belief that certain traits or behaviors are appropriate for one gender but not the other. Gender stereotyping can limit women's opportunities and prevent them from reaching their full potential.