- Persistent state of anxiety and hypervigilance
- Avoidance of situations that reminded them of combat
- Difficulty sleeping ('shell sleep', 'battle dreams', or 'war dreams')
- Depression and emotional withdrawal
- Reduced concentration
- Reduced memory and attention
- Hyperacousis and phonophobia
- Trembling and twitching
- Tics and involuntary movements
- Headaches
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Anorexia
- Weight loss
- Urinary incontinence
- Sexual dysfunction
- Suicidal thoughts and behaviors