Ordinary springs are primarily fed by groundwater discharge from aquifers or underground water-bearing layers. The recharge of these aquifers is mainly dependent on rainfall and snowmelt. During wet periods, the aquifers receive sufficient recharge, and the water table rises, leading to increased spring flow. However, during dry periods, recharge is limited, and the water table drops, resulting in decreased spring flow or even complete cessation.
2. Aquifer Characteristics:
The geological characteristics of the aquifer feeding the spring can also influence intermittent flow. Aquifers with low permeability, such as clay or dense rock, release water slowly, resulting in a more consistent spring flow. In contrast, aquifers with high permeability, such as fractured limestone or coarse gravel, allow water to move rapidly, leading to more pronounced fluctuations in spring discharge.
3. Seasonal Changes:
Ordinary springs are often sensitive to seasonal changes in precipitation and temperature. During the rainy season or spring thaw, when water is abundantly available, springs are more likely to flow. On the other hand, during hot and dry seasons, when evaporation and transpiration rates are high, spring flow can diminish significantly or cease altogether.
4. Hydrogeological Conditions:
The hydrogeological conditions of the area can also affect spring flow. Factors such as the depth to the water table, the presence of faults or fractures, and the degree of groundwater connectivity influence the rate of groundwater flow and discharge at springs.
5. Human Interference:
Human activities can also impact the flow of ordinary springs. For instance, excessive groundwater pumping or alteration of the natural drainage system can disrupt the recharge process and affect the water table levels, leading to changes in spring flow patterns.
Due to these factors, ordinary springs exhibit intermittent flow, where they flow during periods of sufficient recharge and cease or diminish during dry or high-demand periods.