Władysław Sikorski, photo from the interwar period Władysław Sikorski (1881–1943) –Polish politician and military, two-time Prime Minister of the Government of the Republic of Poland, in the country and in exile. Born on May 20 in Tuszów Narodowy near Sandomierz. In 1904 he entered the militar
Stanisław Mikołajczyk (photo:public domain) Stanisław Mikołajczyk (1901-1966) - Polish politician, Prime Minister of the Polish government in exile. Born in 1901 in Holserhausen, the son of Polish immigrants. In Germany, he completed four years of primary school. Later, when his family returned
Edward Rydz-Śmigły Polish military, pre-war activist in the Piłsudski camp, marshal. He was born on March 11, 1886. Until 1908 (from that year he was a member of the Active Fighting Association) he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow, and then at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Jagiell
Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) - Soviet communist activist, leader and dictator. He was born in Gori, Georgia, as Josif Dzugashvili. He was educated at an orthodox church school and at an Orthodox theological seminary, which, however, he did not graduate. From 1898 he was associated wit
Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) - president of the United States, American politician, member of the Democratic Party. New York state senator from 1911 to 1913. He was a participant in the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. In 1929-1933 he was the Governor of New Yor
Pius XII Italian Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, Pope. Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on March 2, 1876 in Rome, in a family connected with the Vatican. After graduating from high school in 1894, he entered the seminary. He studied philosophy, mathematics and Greek. From chi
Benito Mussolini Italian politician, leader of the fascist movement. He was born on July 29, 1883. In his youth, a journalist associated with socialist magazines, in 1914 he founded the daily Popolo ditalia. He fought on the fronts of World War I. He also belonged to the Italian Socialist Party.
Włodzimierz Lenin in the photo from March 1919. Włodzimierz Lenin (1870-1924) Russian politician, communist activist and then the first leader of the Bolshevik party. He was born on April 22, 1870 in Symbirsk on the Volga as Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. From 1893 he was active in Marxist organizat
John F. Kennedy (photo:public domain) John F. Kennedy (1917-1963) - called JFK, the American president. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born in Brooklyn in 1917 into a well-to-do family with Irish roots. He had eight siblings. He attended the best private schools and later attended the London Scho
Mikhail Gorbachev speaking at the CPSU congress. Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-) - Soviet politician and leader. He was born in the Caucasus in a peasant family. He worked as a mechanic, and in the early 1950s he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He started his career at the central leve
Francisco Franco Francisco Franco (1892-1975) - Spanish military and dictator. He was one of the leaders of the military coup against the Republican government of Spain that led to a three-year victorious civil war (1936-1939). Leader of the Spanish Phalanx, which has been the official ruling
Winston Churchill British politician, leader, writer, and Prime Minister of Great Britain in the 20th century. He was born into an aristocratic family, his father was Lord Randolph Churchill. He graduated from a military school. From 1895, he served in the cavalry, while describing the actions of
Khrushchev at the UN General Assembly, 1960. Nikita Khrushchev (1894-1971) - Soviet politician and dictator. He was born in Kalinówka in Ukraine. In his youth he worked as a locksmith, in 1919 he joined the Red Army, in which he took part in the Russian Civil War. From 1925, an employee of the p
Nicolae Ceausescu Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918-1989) - Romanian communist activist and dictator. He was active in the Communist Party of Romania since 1936. From 1954, he made a career in the Central Committee, and then in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee. In 1965, he became the secretar
Fidel Castro Fidel Castro Cuban revolutionary, politician, dictator, 1st secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba. He was born on August 13, 1926 in Biran in the east of Cuba to a wealthy family of sugar cane growers. As a child, he worked in the cultivation of reeds. After the age of six, he an
Brezhnev during his visit to the USA. Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982) - communist activist, Soviet politician, dictator. He was born in Ukraine as the son of a steelworker. From the end of the 1930s, he made a career in the party apparatus:first in Ukraine, then in Moldova and Kazakhstan. In 1957 he
Victoria Hanoverka (actually Alexandrine Victoria; May 24, 1819–22 January 1901) ruled for 63 years (in the entire history of Great Britain only Elizabeth II overtook her in terms of the length of her reign). The Queens influence on the history of her own country and Europe was so great that the en
Napoleon in the portrait of Jacques-Louis David. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) - French military, politician, emperor of the French and king of Italy. He was born in Corsica as the son of an impoverished nobleman. He studied at the military schools in Brienne and Paris; at the age of 16 he obta
Nicholas II Romanov in the portrait by Earnest Lipgart. Nicholas II (1868-1918) - the Tsar of Russia in 1894-1917 of the Romanov dynasty. He was born on May 18, 1868 in Tsarskoye Selo (now Pushkin) near Saint Petersburg. He was the son of Alexander, the future Tsar Alexander III, and Maria Fedor
Peter I in the portrait of Paul Delaroche. Peter I the Great (1672-1725) - the Tsar of Russia in 1682-1725 of the Romanov dynasty. He was born on June 9, 1672 in Moscow. He was the son of Tsar Alexei I Romanov and Natalia Naryshkin. When he was four, his father died, and his half-brother Fyodor
Under the leadership of Sardar Patel, the work of integration of the princely states went fast. In December 1947, 39 states of Orissa and Chhattisgarh merged with Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. In February 1948, 17 southern states were merged with Bombay Province. In June 1948, all the states of Gujarat
Władysław Anders during maneuvers. The interwar period. Władysław Anders (1892-1970) - Polish military. From 1934, he was a brigadier general. Participant in the September campaign, seriously wounded in fights with the Soviet troops, interned on September 29. In 1939-1941 he was in captivity, am
In the previous episode we had discussed that in AD 1192, when Muhammad Shahabuddin Ghori came to attack Prithviraj, some Indian powers also joined him. Hammir epic, Prithviraj Raso, Tabakat-e-Nasiri and Rajasthan Thru the Ages, it is written in texts that when Muhammad Ghori reached Lahore in AD 11
He entered the army at age 15 and distinguished himself in the American Revolutionary War. Originally from Guadeloupe, he was elected deputy to the Convention, he was responsible for retaking Toulon from the hands of the English. After this success, he left to command the army of the Pyrénées-Orient