- Europe: Europeans developed the printing press, which revolutionized the way books were produced. Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the first metal type printing press in 1439.
- Korea: Koreans invented the first movable type printing press in the 13th century, but it was not widely used outside of Korea.
- Japan: The Japanese adopted printing technology from China and Korea and developed their own unique forms of printing, such as ukiyo-e.