Before entering politics, Jules Ferry was a journalist. He wrote a series of pamphlets against the Second Empire. Elected Republican deputy in 1869, he took part in the proclamation of the IIIth Republic on September 4, 1870 at the Paris City Hall. From then on, he began a rich although difficult po
Louis X le Hutin (meaning the Quarrelsome) is the son of King Philippe of France IV le Bel and the Queen of Navarre Jeanne Ière. In 1305, he first married Marguerite de Bourgogne. Convicted of adultery with the complicity of her sisters-in-law (Tour de Nesle scandal), Marguerite was sentenced to imp
Son of Pepin the Short, king of the Franks from 768. Conqueror, administrator and legislator, he acted as master and defender of the Church, which was the instrument of his policy of cultural renewal. On the death of his brother Carloman (771), he inherited the Frankish state. In 774, he began his c
Tumād̩ir bint ʿAmr, nicknamed Al-Khansā’ (before 610 – between 634 and 644), was a 7th century woman of letters and the most famous Arab poetess in Arabic literature. Elegies Al-Khansā’ was born before 610 in Nejd, in pre-Islamic Arabia, into a wealthy family from the Banū Sulaym tribe. The adjec