Wet Plate Collodion Process: The dominant photographic technique of the time was the wet plate collodion process. This process required photographers to prepare their own glass plates coated with collodion, sensitize the plates with silver nitrate, and then expose them in the camera while still wet. The entire process needed to be done quickly, as the plates dried rapidly.
Portable Equipment: Photographers used large-format cameras mounted on tripods, but they also developed more portable equipment for battlefield photography. These cameras were typically smaller and easier to carry, making it possible for photographers to move around and capture images of the action.
Traveling Studios: Some photographers set up traveling studios near battlefields, allowing soldiers and officers to have their portraits taken. These portraits often served as mementos for loved ones back home and were sometimes used for identification purposes.
Battlefront Photography: A few brave photographers ventured onto the battlefields to capture images of the fighting. They faced significant risks, as they could come under fire from either side or be caught in the chaos of battle.
Long Exposure Times: Due to the limitations of camera technology at the time, photographs required long exposure times. As a result, capturing images of fast-moving subjects like soldiers in action was challenging. Most Civil War photographs were posed group portraits or landscapes rather than candid shots of battles.
Limited Distribution: The photographs taken during the Civil War were not widely distributed due to the lack of modern printing and reproduction techniques. Most images were circulated as individual prints, shared among soldiers, or published in newspapers and magazines.
Despite the challenges and limitations, the photographs from the Civil War provided a valuable record of the conflict. They offered a glimpse into the harsh realities of war, the lives of soldiers, and the landscapes where battles took place. These images have become historical artifacts that contribute to our understanding of one of the most significant events in American history.