- Germany (Nazi Germany)
- Italy (Fascist Italy)
- Japan (Imperial Japan)
- Hungary
- Romania
- Bulgaria
- Finland
- Iraq (briefly)
- Slovakia (client state of Germany)
- Vichy France (client state of Germany in Southern France)
Allied Powers:
- United States
- United Kingdom (including the Dominions and Colonial Empire)
- France (Free France)
- China (Republic of China)
- Soviet Union
- Poland
- Yugoslavia
- Greece
- Turkey
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Luxembourg
- Norway
- Denmark
- Iceland
- Czechoslovakia (government in exile)
- Brazil (from 1942)
- Mexico (from 1942)
- Argentina (from 1943)
- Chile (from 1943)