Lightning rods work by creating a low-resistance path for lightning to flow through, which helps to prevent it from striking other, potentially more vulnerable parts of the structure. When lightning strikes, it seeks out the nearest and most efficient path to the ground. The lightning rod, with its low resistance and direct connection to the ground, provides an attractive path for the lightning to travel.
The science behind lightning rods is based on the principles of electromagnetism and grounding. When lightning strikes, it creates a massive electrical discharge between a charged cloud and the ground. The lightning rod intercepts this electrical discharge and safely redirects it into the grounding system, which dissipates the energy into the earth.
Lightning rods are typically made of copper or aluminum, which are excellent conductors of electricity. They are installed on the highest point of a structure, such as a rooftop or chimney, and are connected to the grounding system through a thick wire. The grounding system consists of a metal rod or plate that is deeply buried in the ground.
By providing a preferred path for lightning strikes, lightning rods significantly reduce the risk of damage to structures and can save lives. They are widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, as well as on tall structures such as towers, wind turbines, and bridges.