1. Color Transformation: The Statue of Liberty was originally a coppery-brown color due to the oxidation of its copper exterior. However, over the years, it gradually turned green due to the natural process of patination, where copper reacts with water and oxygen to form a layer of copper carbonate.
2. Structural Reinforcement: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, concerns arose regarding the structural stability of the statue. To address this, several renovations were undertaken to reinforce the internal framework. In 1884, an iron pylon was installed inside the statue to provide additional support to the copper skin.
3. Torch Replacement: The original torch held by Lady Liberty was made of thin copper sheets and was susceptible to damage from storms and lightning. In 1984, the original torch was replaced with a new one made of a more durable material, a copper alloy with gold leaf, to enhance its resilience and longevity.
4. Restoration and Cleaning: Throughout the 20th century, several restoration projects were carried out to preserve the statue. In 1984, a comprehensive restoration process began, involving cleaning, repairing, and replacing corroded metal parts. This extensive renovation lasted several years and aimed to restore the statue to its original appearance and condition.
5. Restoration of Original Color: In 2017, a new restoration project was initiated with the goal of restoring the statue's original coppery-brown color. However, this plan faced criticism from conservation experts who argued that the patina had become a defining characteristic of the statue, and altering its color could compromise its historical significance. Ultimately, the decision was made to maintain the statue's current color.
6. Infrastructure Improvements: Upgrades have been made to the infrastructure surrounding the Statue of Liberty, such as improvements to the viewing platform, ferry services, and security measures, to enhance visitor access and safety.