What did pogroms in Russia do?

The pogroms in Russia were a series of violent, government-sponsored or tolerated attacks against Jews. They began in the early 19th century and continued until the early 20th century. Pogroms resulted in the loss of life, property, and civil rights of Jews in Russia. More than 2 million Jews fled Russia during this period, many to the United States.

The pogroms had several significant consequences:

* They created widespread fear and insecurity among Jews in Russia. Many Jews felt that they were not safe in their own country and were constantly at risk of being attacked or killed.

* They disrupted Jewish economic and cultural life. Pogroms often destroyed Jewish businesses and homes and interrupted religious and educational activities.

* They led to increased hostility between Jews and other Russians. Non-Jewish Russians often blamed Jews for the pogroms, and this animosity sometimes led to further violence.

* They damaged Russia's international reputation. The pogroms drew condemnation from many foreign countries, and they made it difficult for Russia to attract foreign investment and trade.

The pogroms were a major factor in the decision of many Jews to leave Russia. By 1920, more than 2 million Jews had emigrated, with most of them going to the United States.