- The Mayans developed a sophisticated vigesimal (base-20) numerical system, which included zero.
- This system allowed them to perform complex mathematical calculations and create highly accurate calendars.
2. Mayan Calendar:
- The Mayans created several calendars, but the most notable one is the Long Count Calendar.
- The Long Count Calendar had a cycle of 5,125 years and was used to record important historical events and astronomical cycles.
3. Mayan Writing System:
- The Mayans developed a writing system known as Mayan glyphs.
- These glyphs were used to write codices, which are books made from folded bark paper, and to record historical events, rituals, and astronomical observations.
4. Advanced Architecture:
- The Mayans built impressive architectural structures, including temples, pyramids, palaces, and observatories.
- These structures showcase their engineering skills and demonstrate a deep understanding of astronomy.
- Notable Mayan architectural sites include Chichén Itzá, Tikal, and Palenque.
5. Astronomers and Observers of Celestial Events:
- The Mayans were skilled astronomers who observed and tracked the movement of celestial bodies.
- They developed astronomical instruments, such as the Dresden Codex, which contains precise observations of Venus and the positions of stars.
6. Rubber Products and Balls:
- The Mayans discovered a method to create natural rubber from the sap of certain trees.
- They used rubber to make balls, which played a significant role in the Mesoamerican ballgame.
7. Water Management and Aqueducts:
- The Mayans built sophisticated water management systems, including aqueducts and reservoirs, to supply water to their cities and for irrigation.
8. Advanced Surgical Techniques:
- Mayan surgeons performed complex surgeries, such as skull surgeries, and created intricate dental work using materials such as jade and turquoise.
9. Cacao Cultivation and Chocolate:
- The Mayans cultivated cacao trees and used cacao beans to make a chocolate-like beverage.
- Cacao beans were also used as currency and held cultural and religious significance.
10. Astronomical Observatories:
- The Mayans constructed astronomical observatories, such as the El Caracol at Chichén Itzá, to meticulously observe and predict celestial events.