- The presence of agricultural tools such as hoes, axes, and grinding stones at Bantu settlements.
- The discovery of domesticated plant remains, including sorghum, millet, and cowpeas, at Bantu archaeological sites.
- Evidence of irrigation systems and terracing, which indicates that the Bantu were able to successfully cultivate crops in diverse environments.
- The presence of large storage facilities, such as granaries, suggests that the Bantu were able to produce surplus food, which is a characteristic of agricultural societies.
- The Bantu also kept domestic animals, such as cattle, goats, and sheep, which provided them with a reliable source of food and other resources, such as milk, hides, and wool.