1. Embalming:
- The Chinese practice of embalming involved removing internal organs and replacing them with aromatic herbs, spices, and preservatives to slow down decomposition.
2. Underground Burial:
- Coffins were placed underground in dry and well-drained soil, often in tombs designed to protect the bodies from moisture and grave robbers.
3. Coffins and Sarcophagi:
- Bodies were placed in elaborately decorated coffins made of wood, stone, or bronze. These coffins were sealed to prevent the entry of air and moisture.
- Sarcophagi, large stone coffins, were also used to protect the dead.
4. Use of Cinnabar:
- Cinnabar (mercuric sulfide), a bright red mineral, was used to cover the body or placed inside the coffin. Cinnabar was believed to possess preservative properties and symbolize immortality.
5. Lacquer Coating:
- Coffins were sometimes covered with multiple layers of lacquer, a tree sap that hardens and creates a protective coating, sealing the coffin from the environment.
6. Desiccation:
- In certain regions, bodies were desiccated by exposing them to the dry desert air. This process removed moisture from the body, inhibiting bacterial growth.
7. Freezing:
- In cold northern regions, bodies were sometimes preserved by freezing. The low temperatures slowed down decomposition.
It's important to note that these preservation techniques were primarily reserved for the wealthy and ruling class. The common people often did not have access to elaborate embalming or specialized burial methods. Still, these techniques demonstrate the ingenuity and cultural importance that ancient Chinese placed on preserving their dead.