he wrote

Terrain

General Condition

Khao Khian is located in Ao Phang Nga National Park. It looks like a limestone mountain island. because it is surrounded by water To the east of him is the canal of Koh Panyee. In the west is a canal in Hong Kong. It is located in the north of Koh Panyee. (About 350 meters from Koh Panyee to the north, about 700 meters from Koh Panyee to the north) This mountain lies along the north-south line, about 2.3 kilometers long. The east side of the mountain has a shed. The notch into the notch is a longitudinal groove of the mountain that runs parallel to the sea. including a small cave The location where the paintings were found was in the indentations and hollows at the bottom layer. 3-5 meters above sea level is a cliff suitable for creative and living. Because it can protect from the sun and rain well. and in a position that is not too high Can climb into it

There were 7 groups of colored paintings found (Suwit Chaimongkol 1989:38-39). Group 2 was found on the south side of Group 1, about 110 meters away, while Group 3-7 was on the north side of the first group. The 7th group was located 1,500 meters north from the 1st group.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Andaman Sea, Phang Nga Bay, Koh Panyee Canal, Canal Nai Hong

Geological conditions

Characteristics according to the structure and geography of Phang Nga Bay are mountains that originated in the Cretaceous and early Terseary periods, aged 36-136 million years ago. This is the result of a structural feature known as faults. "Klong Marui Fault" and "Phang Nga Fault" There are also sedimentary and metamorphic rocks interspersed along the line. especially the limestone mountains As a result of such changes in the natural environment, there are many cavities, cavities, or caves. Some of the shale mountains decomposed into small hilly patches. The western collapsing of the land created a jagged coastline. Formed into bays and islands, many limestone mountains scattered along the shore.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

He appeared in prehistoric paintings aged 5,000-3,000 or 5,000-2,000 years ago on the eastern cliffs along Phang Nga Bay. It is assumed that these paintings were painted by prehistoric people who lived in this area. and ancient seafarers who stopped by to stop and take shelter from the monsoons.

The first mention of this color painting appeared in the Essai d' Inventaire Archeologique du Siam by Etienne Edmont Lunet de Lajonquiere, published in Paris. In the year 1912, later the Fine Arts Department has conducted a serious survey and data collection in 1987

According to past studies of the Fine Arts Department, there are 7 groups of colored paintings, some with dense images. There are written overlap 2-3 times. There are many types of images. They are available as outline, silhouette, and x-ray, or outlines. and decorate the interior pattern

All pictures are painted in red, orange and yellow colors, consisting of portraits of people, pictures of aquatic animals such as fish, dolphins, crabs, pictures of land animals such as birds, monitor lizards, etc., pictures of people and things. and some strange looking objects including some pictographs.

Detailed pictures of all 7 groups (Suwit Chaimongkol 1987; Payao Khemnak 1996 :93) are as follows:

Group 1 It is the most dense group of paintings in the seven groups, paintings that can be seen clearly when sailing through can stop to visit without wasting much time because it is already a pass The nature of the image is written at least 2-3 times, looking at the overlapping images. different writing styles The colors used for writing are red, orange, and yellow, with solid colors painted in red with a single color as a picture of many people. The picture of the monitor lizard, the outline painting of the outside is the image of people, lemurs, birds, fish, turtles, crabs. Most of them are decorated with dots or stripes inside showing parts of organs such as the mouth, eyes, or writing to show external patterns, such as fish images with cross-sectional stripes. multi-line body It may be a pattern on the surface of the fish. The image of a bird with a neck with stripes and dots lined up. The painting is an external outline and then shows the internal outline. There are paintings of fish inside in lines showing bones or bones. This group of paintings are painted from the wall to the ceiling of the shed because the walls are smooth curved lines.

Group 2 It is a group of paintings on the cliff on the south side of the first group of paintings, approximately 110 meters apart. There are 3 paintings in red, with continuous longitudinal images on the ceiling of the cliff. The painting outlines the exterior inside with decorative lines. This group of images cannot be interpreted as anything. may be symbolic Another painting on the wall of the cliff It is an outer line that resembles a heart. next to the north by passing through limestone gorges Most of the yellow paintings were found smeared. There are streaks that can be noticed that it should be an arrow.

Group 3 This group of paintings is one of the most interesting. It is a painting on a cliff on the north side of Group 1, about 1,250 meters away. It is painted in red with 3 pictures, one of which is an outline drawing with a pattern inside similar to a fish, while the other 2 are painted in stripes. Still can't tell what image it is. One of these 2 images resembles a Yant or a letter, i.e., it is a continuous coiled line with a head.

Group 4 It is the longest group of paintings on the cliff. is from the first image to the last image up to 60 meters in length, but the nature of the image is scattered Not as dense as group 1, the 4th group of paintings, this group is about 44 meters north of the 3rd group. This group has several paintings together. Found paintings in yellow, orange and red. There is a solid color drawing with pictures of people. Stingray picture? The paintings show the outline of the exterior and the interior. There are images like a man holding a fish with his left hand, a man showing a penis, an elephant, and many other strangely shaped images. I can't tell what image it is.

Group 5 It is a painting on a cliff, about 14 meters north from the 4th group. Most of the paintings are painted in red and are unclear. There is a picture of a rather circular parallel line. The interior has a circumference that resembles a heart shape.

Group 6 This group of paintings was written on a cliff with a small entrance. Due to limestone sprouts covering almost all the cliffs, this group is about 95 meters north of the 5th group. There are 3 red paintings that look like starfish, 1 is a 5-pointed line drawing, the other is similar. aquatic animals or it could be a symbol The other image is incompletely broken lines.

Group 7 It is the last group of paintings discovered here. It is at the northern end of all paintings. By the distance from the 6th group, about 12 meters north, the entrance is a small channel. As the stalactites are obscure, as with group 6, most of the red paintings are smeared. There is a picture with stripes like the letter M (M).

From the study of geologists by taking fossils of shellfish in caves and sheds along islands and outcrops in Phang Nga Bay. found that during the Pleistocene and Hilosene Or about 11,000 years ago, sea levels dropped dramatically during the Ice Age. Most of the rocky mountains that are the islands that are seen today are on the upland. There is no island condition as it is today. Later in the period 7,500-8,500 years ago, the sea level gradually move up to the maximum It is 4.5 meters above mean sea level today, and later in the period 4,000-5,000 years ago sea level rises (both higher and lower than present) between 2,700-3,700 years ago. That sea level is relatively stable. but still between 1.5-2.5 meters higher than today and since 1,500 years onwards sea level is 1.5 meters higher than present.

Evidence of prehistoric use of the area has been found in the Ao Phang Nga National Park and its vicinity at least 10,000 years ago. especially along the cliffs and caves but over time sea ​​level rise The people who descended later would retreat to live on the inner uplands. And there may be a group of people who know how to make rafts and boats roaming around Phang Nga Bay. But these sources may not be suitable for permanent habitation. For this reason, humans have to adapt to the environment. or moving to a new settlement until a community with marine capabilities As appears, prehistoric people's artistic creations on stone walls along Phang Nga Bay. For example, he wrote, Koh Panyee, Khao Raya, Nak Cave and Koh Phra At Tao.

In addition, prehistoric artifacts were also found that represent the presence of a living in Phang Nga Bay, such as Khao Phang, Khao Daeng, Khao Phueng Nai, Khao Tao and Khao Phra At Tao. By his collapse, many stone crackers were found. In addition, smooth fragments of earthenware, patterned ropes, grindstones, stone cores and shards with cracking marks were also found. But it does not look like a large number of clear tools. and at Phra At Tao Island The fragments of rough-textured earthenware, smooth, streaked rope patterns were found. Polished Ax Piece stone chipping tool The fish bone has scratches.

Relevant local legend :He writes or writes There is a legend told that when the rambutan (In the story of Suwan Sang or Sang Thong) has flew away from Mrs. Phanthurat. which is a stepmother and a giant and stop at this island Mrs. Phanthurat caught up and called for the monk. But the monk fled to the top of the mountain. No matter how much she called, the monk refused to come down. So she wrote a mantra to summon meat and fish on this cliff. and she was devastated by love and mourning. The monk came down to ask for forgiveness for the body and recite the mantra called meat and fish until he remembered it accurately and then left. The magic written by Nang Yak appears on him as long as it is today (Sanit Phornthat 1986).