cow cave

Terrain

General Condition

Tham Wua is the same rock shed as Tham Khon. Archaeological site in the group of Wat Pho Ta - Son-in-law which is a group of ancient sites in the plains area of ​​the northern ridge of Phu Phra Bat The area surrounding the ancient site is a forest.

The condition of the source is a large rock shack consisting of stones 5 meters wide, 11 meters long and 3 meters high from the ground, stacked on a large pile of rocks. and part of it was a collapsed rock shed. The stone shed extends to the north side (Pitachai Chatuchai 2010:56) There are stone sheds around the sides resulting from the separation of the stone sheds. causing a rocky shed around that and a stone recess The paintings found are in two groups:Northeastern and Southeastern The northeast side is called "Tham Khon", the southeastern side is called "Tham Wua" (Archaeology Division 2532 Kor; 175) and the south side found traces of stone extraction into a pedestal similar to the Buddha image (Phayao Khem Nak). and Monchan Namthip 1990 :45)

Phu Phra Bat is a small sandstone mountain. A child in the Phu Phan mountain range or Phu Phan Kham. The average height above sea level is about 320-350 meters. The west of the mountain is steep. and cant descend to the east.

Phu Phan or Phu Phan Kham is a sandstone mountain range that lies in the north-south direction. in the west of Udon Thani Province and Sakon Nakhon Basin

The general condition of Phu Phra Bat is sparse forest. There are natural vegetation types such as hardwood trees, maka wood, red wood, Ching Chang wood, Pradu wood, and deciduous dipterocarp trees. On Phu Phra Bat, there are many open stone terraces, rocks and sandstone sheds scattered around. caused by the action of water and wind on the sandstone.

Because there are quite a lot of hardwood covered. Together with many other natural plants, Phu Phra Bat is classified in the National Reserved Forest Area, “Pah Khuean Nam”, and is the source of many streams such as Huai Hin Lat, Huai Dan Yai, Huai Hin Rong, Huai Nang Usa and Huai Khok Khat. which flows into the east, confluence with the Mekong River at Tha Bo District Nong Khai Province

The plains surrounding the mountains are mainly cultivated for rice and cassava. The eastern valley of Phu Phra Bat is the largest valley characterized by undulating plains. Most of the area is cultivated for rice and cassava. This valley is commonly referred to as Lup Phan.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Huai Hin Lat, Huai Dan Yai, Huai Hin Rong, Huai Nang Usa, Huai Khok Khad, Huai Mong, Mekong River

Geological conditions

Phu Phra Bat is a sandstone hill. in the Phu Phan Noi mountain range at the edge of the western plateau of Udon Thani Sandstone is white, orange, pebbled, grit consists of quartz, chert, red talc. some igneous rocks with traces There are shale and gravel interspersed. It is in the Phu Phan rock unit, Korat series, in the lower - mid-Cretaceous period, or about 90-140 million years ago. The sandstone in the area has outstanding geological features. Because there are different properties in each floor. and has undergone geological erosion by water and wind. Makes the appearance of the landscape that is strange in many areas, such as Hor Nang Usa, Tham Chang, Father Ta's coffin, Thao Baros coffin, Nang Usa coffin, Pho Ta temple, Phra Ku Nang Usa cave, Nang Usa pond. Quail Stone Shed as well as the geological, physical and geological features found in the sandstone. which is a clear stratum or sedimentary rock For example, showing interleaving layers with gravel layers. An oblique-level display showing a change in water flow direction. (Department of Mineral Resources 2009 :38-39)

various shapes formed from sandstone and gravel sand have different texture The highly durable rock layers protrude into rock sheds. or a layer of rock overlaid on top The less durable rock layers will erode. or being eroded or is a concave part under the hard rock Become a rock shed or a rocky cliff such as Hor Nang Usa, etc.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Tham Wua is the same rock shed as the source of Tham Khon paintings. And the paintings of these two sheds are probably related. and written at the same time

The condition of the source is a large rock shack consisting of stones 5 meters wide, 11 meters long and 3 meters high from the ground, stacked on a large pile of rocks. and part of it was a collapsed rock shed. The stone shed extends to the north side (Pitachai Chatuchai 2010:56) There are stone sheds around the sides resulting from the separation of the stone sheds. causing a rocky shed around that and a stone recess The paintings found are in two groups:Northeastern and Southeastern The northeast side is called "Tham Khon", the southeastern side is called "Tham Wua" (Archaeology Division 2532 Kor; 175) and the south side found traces of stone extraction into a pedestal similar to the Buddha image (Phayao Khem Nak). and Monchan Namthip 1990 :45)

There appeared a dark red painting with a solid shadow on the smooth stone shed wall. caused by the sandstone separated from each other They are on different sides of the cave, but they are at different angles. It is in a very neglected condition. because it is in the channel that the wind blows through all the time It is a picture of a herd of animals walking in 2 rows (Phayao Khemnak 1996 142)

The top row on the far left of the wall has two animals facing south. write in shadow The first one was shaped like a deer, the second one was unknown what kind of animal it was. but know that it is a four-legged animal with a long tail, two ears, no horns. Next is a picture of a calf following the mother cow in the opposite direction of the first two. Next is a picture of a cow with 3 humps following each other 1996 142)

The second row is a line drawing of branches mixed with calves and cows. with two other unknown animals, one with rough outlines. The line thickness is about 1 centimeter. To be able to identify the images found are 6 cows, including 2 calves, 1 deer, 2 unknown animals, and a number of streaks. All animal images are painted in solid shadows. See the sidebar for the picture of 6 cows. It is a cow with a hump (Phayao Khemnak 1996 142).

Pitakchai Chatuchai (2010 :61) assumed that the paintings depicting cows appearing on the stone wall look like a herd. It has been written with a distinctive character indicating the type of cow, namely a cow with a hump, from the color painting found that there is a 2nd cow from the stone shed wall on the right. The image of this cow has been assumed to be a bison or a wild bull rather than a domesticated cow (Sathaphon Kwanyuen et al. 1985:26), but due to the nature of the cow with a high protrusion above the neck and sloped down to the back It also has a larger body and shorter legs than other cow images. It may be assumed that it is an Indian cow (Phayao Khem Nak and Monjun Namthip 1990 :54).

In addition, paintings that emphasize the size of the animal to indicate the age or age of the animal. The horn characteristics of the animal (cow) are also taken into account, that is, cows generally begin to have horns at the age of 4-5 months, so the image of a large cow appears horns. while the image of a small bull has no horns to be seen. It shows that the painter has the intention to paint a picture of cows of different ages (Phayao Khemnak and Monchan Namthip 1990 :54).

Therefore, the color paintings found in this cave painting source It can therefore be assumed to be related to animals that need to be hunted or herds or groups of animals that are used for ritual purposes. In the late prehistoric period (Pakchai Chatuchai 2010 :61)

as well as Ajarn Sumit Pitipat (1977:41-43) who stated that the color painting "Human cave and animal cave" may have been written for use in rituals related to hunting or certain beliefs. The cave can be both a place of worship and a dwelling. Because the cave is large can live comfortably

Asst. Prof. Patcharee Sarikabutr (2000) stated that the painting at Tham Wua shows that the outline was drawn on the outside first and then painted in solid colors. which is observed from the unfinished painting Both cows and portraits try to be as close to nature as possible, especially emphasizing the muscles in the calves and arms of the portrait. and a bulge on the back of the image of a cow The images indicate the relationship within each group to perform certain activities together. Relationships among people, people with cows, people with white line symbols. An image of unequally sized cows may refer to a herd of cows with both males. female and calf These images may refer to hunting scenes. or raising animals Or it could mean traveling together to do some activities or rituals.