Phra That Doi Suthep

Terrain

General condition

Phra That Doi Suthep It is located within Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Ratchaworawihan. which is a temple that is still in use today It is now a first-class royal monastery. Under the Maha Sect.

Wat Phra That Doi Suthep is located on the west side of Chiang Mai city. On the Doi Suthep-Doi Pui National Park The foot of the mountain is about 6 kilometers from Chiang Mai city. It is a temple located outside the city wall.

Height above mean sea level

Waterway

Ping River

Geological conditions

Doi Suthep-Pui mountain range consists of many types of metamorphic rocks. and granite igneous rocks, which the geological name is called They are called "complex rock groups" and are presumed to have reached the Precambrian era, about 600 million years ago. Marble, with granite and pegmatite insets at the base and center of the mountain ranges of Cambrian-aged quartzite and limestone. The Ordovician age overlaps the southern part of Doi Suthep and Brichinda Cave at the foot of Doi Inthanon.

Archaeological Era

era/culture

Archaeological age

Mythological age

Types of archaeological sites

archaeological essence

Phra That Doi Suthep was built during the reign of King Kue Na (1929 BE), that is, when King Kue Na took the throne of Sumon Thera from Sukhothai. Phra Sumon Thera brought two relics with him. After one was placed at the Wat Suan Dok chedi, he took the other one up behind the elephant in order to find a place to enshrine. The elephant walked to the top of Doi Suthep and knelt down, refusing to continue walking. Therefore, he ordered the construction of a stupa containing the Buddha's relics in 1927. Later, in the reign of Phra Mueang Kaeo, there was a new renovation and expansion of the chedi in the year 2069 (the organizing committee In honor of 1999 :87)

In the year 2100 Phra Maha Yanmongkol Bodhithera The abbot at that time built a stone staircase. Later, it was changed to a staircase of Naga Bok Plaster.

In the year 2305, the reign of King Kawila Please allow the Buddha's relics to be restored again.

In the year 1935, Kruba Sriwichai, with his disciples and the people together built a road up to Phra That Doi Suthep with a length of 12 kilometers and took 4 months and 22 days to build.

Phra That Doi Suthep was established as a first-class royal monastery. Ratchaworawihan type dated 31 May 1963, was granted Wisung Kham Sima in 2010 (Department of Fine Arts 2016)

Architectural style

1. The chedi is in the Mon style. The base of the chedi contains the Buddha's relics.

The pagoda is located on a square base. Next up is the miniature glass beads. There are four wires from the layers of crystal beads, scaled up to form a 3-tiered dodecagon base that supports 5 layers of garlands and upwards to form a 12-sided bell, 12-sided throne, and the whole pagoda is covered with gold. Surrounded by a balcony.

around the pagoda It consists of 5 important buildings, namely

1.1 tiered 4 corners made of brass Created by King Kawila in 1805 as a symbol of peace.

1.2 Sattibanchorn or spear fence around the relics It was built to prevent the usurpation of the relics. After the cremation of the Buddha's body was completed therefore had to have soldiers with spears to surround the relics and then divide them into different cities.

1.3 Oysters are small temples. stationed on all 4 sides of the relics inside the Buddha image It means to praise the Lord Buddha.

1.4 Earth's foot tower is a small spire. stationed in all 4 corners of the Buddha's relic It is the place where the 4 Thao Lokban are enshrined, namely

1. Thao Kuween, located in the north.

2. Thao Tatarat, the eastern part of the country.

3. Thao Wirunpak West side

4. Thao Wirunha South side

1.5 Lotus Jar or )Ranakhata means prosperity of Buddhism in Lanna Thai (The Fine Arts Department 2016)

2. Vihara, according to the history, it was built in 1805 by King Kawila. and will continue to be restored The most important thing is that the upper ceiling of the sanctuary has a picture representing the constellation of the constellations.

3. Luang Pho Unmuang Enshrined in a viharn on the north balcony of Phra That Doi Suthep. It is a gilded bronze Buddha image, Lanna art, Chiang Mai craftsman surname. 22nd Buddhist century, lap width 75 centimeters, height 92 centimeters, base width 75 centimeters

4. Group of Buddha images in the attitude of subduing Mara Enshrined in the balcony around Phra That Doi Suthep. It is a gilded bronze Buddha image, Lanna art, Chiang Mai craftsman surname. 21st - 22nd Buddhist century, lap width 75 cm., height 92 cm. base, width 75 cm.

5. Murals around the balcony Written by Boonpan Phongpradit, it is a mural that started in the western style of painting. (The Organizing Committee in Honor of His Majesty the King 1999 :87-88)

Relevant local legend :

1. The legend of Phra That Doi Suthep, Chiang Mai, mentions King Kue Na and Phra Sumon Synod jointly built the relics by Suthep. There is a way to choose a place to build the relics. Summoning the Buddha's relics above the auspicious elephant When an elephant stops at any place, that place is where the relics of Doi Suthep are built. until being revered by the king and the people (Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Committee 1968 :5-10)

2. The Legend of Grandma Sae Mae and Son legend says One time, the Buddha came to preach at the present Doi Suthep relics area and received alms from Yasae Mae Luk. His son had faith and he was ordained. After becoming a monk "Rishi Sutheworasee" and the Buddha gave the hair relics 1 line and put it in the relics on the top of the mountain (The Fine Arts Department, 1967:41-42).

3. The Legend of Phra That Doi Kham Mention the Lord Buddha and his disciples arriving in Doi Kham area. (Near Doi Suthep) Giant Pu Sae, Ya Sae and their sons who live in the area will catch the Buddha and his disciples to eat. but fearing his majesty, he did not eat it and stopped eating human flesh Only eat meat twice a year. Therefore, there has been a ritual for slaughtering buffalo, bringing fresh meat to be sacrificed since then, called the “raising ceremony” (Akaphon Satum 2002:12-14).

4. The legend of Chiang Mai Pang Deem and the legend of Suwan Kham Daeng talks about the relationship between Lua people and Thai people. and respect Doi Kham and Doi Suthep as sacred mountains It is also believed that Hermit Wasuthep is a descendant of Grandfather Saya Sae (Saraswati Ongsakul 2008:67).

5.Legends of religion Refers to a hermit Wasuthep bathing in the Rohini River, the Khan River, a river near Doi Suthep in the east. Six babies were found in animal footprints. therefore kept After the children grow up, they get married (Department of Fine Arts, 1976:115-117).

6. The Legend of Shinkalamali Pakorn Discussing Vasuthep's hermit who played a role in building the city. and live at Doi Utchubanphot, the present Doi Suthep (Rattanapanya Thera, 2501:81-83)

7. Chronicles of Yonok Mentioned that King Chiang Mai had to build a chedi containing the Buddha's relics at Buppharam Temple and at Doi Ujchubanphot (Doi Suthep) (Buppha Khun Yot Ying 1999 :4423 – 4426)